History of Hans Frank

History of Hans Frank Dylan Myers   THESIS STATEMENT In my Holocaust research report for Mr. Benevento and Mrs. Welch, I will discuss Hans Frank; I will focus on his diary, his imprisonment, his background and his purpose of the Holocaust. I will also talk about what happened in his life. Outline Holocaust Intro Quote Why its important to learn about. Thesis Statement. Hans Frank Background Birth Family Life Early Childhood+Education War/ Military Background How he got to his position Role in Nazi Admin Imprisonment Reason Diary Trial/Death Conclusion INTRODUCTION I ask nothing of the Jews except that they should disappear. (Hans Frank) The Holocaust was the murder of six million Jews. Hans Frank was the Governor General of Poland. He was arrested and murdered on October 16, because he killed a lot of Jews. In my Holocaust research report for Mr. Benevento and Mrs. Welch, I will discuss Hans Frank; I will focus on his diary, his imprisonment, his background and his purpose of the Holocaust. I will also talk about what happened in his life. Hans Frank was born on May 23,1900 in Karlsruhe, Germany. Frank was born into a middle-class Catholic family. Frank had an older brother, Karr Jr. and a young sister, named Elizabeth. Franks father was a lawyer so Frank went to Law school to become a lawyer as well. In 1917 Frank, served in the German army in the World War 2. Frank also joined the German Workers Party. On April 2, 1925 Frank married 29 year old Brigitte Herbst. Frank continued to study law and in 1926 he passed the final examinations and became a Legal Advisor for Hitler. Frank had 5 children Sigrid Frank born in 1927. Norman Frank born in 1928, Brigitte Frank born in 1935. Also had 2 other kids named Michael Frank born in 1937, and Niklas Frank born in 1938. While they had Other children their marriage didnt go so well so Frank asked for a divorce in 1942. Brigitte begged and begged for Frank not to divorce her. Frank became the Chief Administration officer for Polish territories. On October 12,1939 Frank became the Governor General of the Polish Territory. In 1939 Frank now became the President of the German Academy Of Law. Frank got his position in the Military because he went to school and studied law and because he had a contribute to the Fuhrestaat. Frank was actually one of Hitlers top lieutenants. Franks role in the Nazi was commissioner and reformer. During World War I Frank joined the German Army. After the war Frank joined the Freikorps. Soon after that Frank joined the Nazi party. After that he became a legal advisor for Hitler and the Nazi Party. Hitler appointed Frank Minister of Justice in Bavaria in 1933, after Hitler became Chancellor. In 1939 Hitler then mad Frank the Governor General of Poland. Hans Frank was arrested by troops on May 3, 1945 at Tegernsee lake in Germany. Hans Frank went to prison because he was responsible for the murder of thousands of Polish Civilians and Jews. While in prision Frank had a diary during his administration role.. The diary has a total of 38 volumes, and included speeches, transcripts of conferences, and minutes of cabinet sessions. Frank was captured by troops on May 3, 1945 at Tegernsee. On his first day in prison Frank tried to commit suicide by trying to cut his throat, but failed to do so. Hand Frank then went to trial on November 20, 1945. He then tried to commit suicide again two days after by lacerating his arm, but this failed as well. Frank was found indicted under four counts. Then Frank was found not guilty on counts one and two but found guilty on counts three and four. Frank admitted to his guilt in the Holocaust. Frank was sentenced to death on October 1, 1946. Frank was executed on October 16, 1946. Hans Frank was the only p erson who entered the gas chamber with a smile on his face. Frank even said im thankful for my treatment during my captivity and I want to ask god to accept me with mercy. This is all about Hans Frank. It talked about his background, his role in the war/ military, and his imprisonment. In his background it first talked about his birth, then his family life, then his Early childhood and education. The second thing it talked about was the War/ Military background. This talked about how he got to his position in the war and his Role in the Nazi Admin. The third thing it talks about is his imprisonment. This talked about the Reason he went to jail, his Diary he wrote, and his trial and death. This is all about Hans Frank. WORKS CITED Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nazi-germany/nazi-leaders/hans-frank/ Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/frank.html Hans Frank. Retrieved from https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nuremberg-trial-defendants-hans-frank Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://spartacus-educational.com/GERfrank.htm Journal And Office Records Of Hans Frank, Governor General O. Retrieved from http://nuremberg.law.harvard.edu/documents/3796-journal-and-office-records?q=*#p.1 Nuremberg Trial Judgements: Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nuremberg-trial-judgements-hans-frank United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved from https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007108 War And Social Upheaval: World War 2biographies Hans Frank. Retrieved from http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/bio/f/bio-frankh.html

The Naive Protagonists of Candide and Forrest Gump Essay examples -- c

The Naive Protagonists of Candide and Forrest Gump      Ã‚   Society can be, and is, corrupt in many different ways. Within our lives we are subject, but not limited to, corruptions within religion, corruptions of morals, and corruption within the government. Voltaire, the author of Candide, and Robert Zemeckis, the director of "Forrest Gump", both use grotesquely naà ¯ve protagonists to illustrate their view of the world in which they live. Nevertheless, Candide and Forrest, surrounded by a corrupt society, and bombarded by various character defining events, are able to come to a higher understanding as to their philosophy of life.      Candide, by Voltaire, is a story about an optimistic young man who encounters various misfortunes on his search for an ideal world. Having unfortunately been kicked out of his home for the love of Lady Cunegonde, Candide suffers through many natural and unnatural catastrophes during his travels. However, holding on to his claim that all is for the best, Candide travels the world abroad with a totally naà ¯ve attitude. Constantly being reunited with many of his peers, Candide suffers the cruelty of the Bulgar army, a tempest, a shipwreck, an earthquake, and an auto da fe'.    Candide's optimism, stemming from his tutor Dr. Pangloss, keeps him totally determined to find his lost love, Lady Cunegonde, and an ideal world. However, Voltaire takes Candide around the world to discover that, contrary to the teachings of his distinguished tutor Dr. Pangloss, all is not always for the best.      Likewise a naà ¯f is the main character of "Forrest Gump" by Robert Zemeckis, which spans a period of three decades centered around a growing boy with a low IQ. Forrest manages to ... ...ch Elite. 10 Oct. 2002. Bell, Ian A. "Candide: Overview." Reference Guide to World Literature 2 (1995). Literature Resource Center. 10 Oct. 2002. Forrest Gump. Dir. Robert Zemeckis. Perf. Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, and Gary Sinise. (Paramount Pictures, 1994.) Giunti, Matthew. "Forrest Gump: Ignorance is bliss." Christian Century 113 (1996). Ebsco Academic Search Elite. 10 Oct. 2002. Kanfer, Stefan. "Barnum meets Voltaire." New Leader 80 (1997). Ebsco Academic Search Elite. 10 Oct. 2002. Ryan, Bryan. "Winston Groom." Contemporary Authors (2000). Literature Resource Center. 10 Oct. 2002. Voltaire. Candide. Trans. Lowell Bair. New York: Bantam Books, 1959. Zinsser, Judith P. "Real History, Real Education, Real Merit-Or Why is 'Forrest Gump' so Popular?" Journal of Social History 29 (1995). Ebsco Academic Search Elite. 10 Oct. 2002.

Quality Control and Nissan

Milennia Atlantic University Operations Management Juan Hernandez Adriana Rosales NISSAN Introduction Nissan was the sixth largest automaker in the world behind  General Motors,  Volkswagen Group,  Toyota,  Hyundai Motor Group, and  Ford  in 2011. It formerly marketed vehicles under the â€Å"Datsun† brand name. As of 2011, the company's global headquarters is located in  Nishi-ku, Yokohama. In 1999, Nissan entered a two way alliance with  Renault S. A. of France, which owns 43. 4% of Nissan while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares, as of 2008.Along with its normal range of models, Nissan also produces a range of luxury models branded as  Infiniti. Jidosha-Seizo Kabushiki-Kaisha had been established in December 1933. The company's new name, adopted in June 1934, was an abbreviation for Nippon Sangyo, a â€Å"zaibatsu†Ã‚  (or holding company) belonging to Tobata's founder, Yoshisuke Aikawa. Nissan produced its first Datsun (a descendant of the Dat Car, a small, boxy passenger vehicle designed by Japanese automotive pioneer Masujiro Hashimoto that was first produced in 1914) at its Yokohama plant in April 1935. The company began exporting cars to Australia that same year.Beginning in 1938 and lasting throughout  World War II, Nissan converted entirely from producing small passenger cars to producing trucks and military vehicles. Allied occupation forces seized much of Nissan's production operations in 1945 and didn't return full control to Nissan until a decade later. In 1960, Nissan became the first Japanese automaker to win the Deming Prize for engineering excellence. New Datsun models like the Bluebird (1959), the Cedric (1960) and the Sunny (1966) helped spur Nissan sales in Japan and abroad, and the company experienced phenomenal growth over the course of the  1960s.Nissan has a broad variety of teams focused on building strategies for almost every aspect of Operations Management study, this research shows once more the ou tstanding performance of this company on every aspect of its management. Product and Services 1. Automotive Components Business. Supplies domestic Nissan plants and affiliated component makers with parts and materials from overseas and also exports components to Nissan's overseas facilities. From product development to final delivery, the business' diverse management capabilities enable it to provide invaluable support to the range of clients it proudly serves.The more the global sourcing of automotive components progresses, the more important the logistics efficiency becomes. Nissan’s branches and affiliated companies spread worldwide have warehouses which store inventory of auto parts in order to drastically shorten the lead-time of logistics, as if the foreign parts were purchased domestically, and they have solutions that will fit customer' various needs including emergency orders by utilizing their production control system and know-how as to how to supply the vehicle pr oduction lines with the minimum inventory. . Machinery Business. Nissan’s machinery business is focused on improving domestic, export, import and intermediary trade to meet customer needs and increasing global demand, while continuing to strengthen the relationship with customers and partners. This involves a wide range of categories, such as various kinds of machinery facility, tooling die, plant exportation, MRO (maintenance, repair & operations) parts, jig fixtures, pallets, cutting tools and various consumer goods for automotive distributors.The services offered by Nissan provide a high level of support, including planning support for all kinds of production, optimum purchase in the most suitable country, export & import, delivery & installation, full-turn key services up to the commencement of production and supply spare parts, etc. 3. Chemicals Business. This business handles a diverse range of products including organic and inorganic chemicals, petrochemicals, high per formance and new materials and alloys for the aerospace industry, tailored to customer requirements through sales consultations and customized proposals.In addition, Chemical Business endeavors to develop and supply materials that meet the individual specifications of customers. In addition to dealing with raw materials for resin components used in automobiles, such as general purpose resin, engineering plastic, coatings, adhesives and automotive chemicals, raw materials and seats, instrument panels, leather for door trims, and fabrics are also sold. The purchasing and selling of resin cast components, etc. s done globally. The company is also involved in resin colorization and the outsourcing of logistics alongside our existing business of buying and selling raw and prepared materials. We have gained high marks both from our distributors and suppliers that manufacture the materials for both manufacturing functions and stock logistics. Not only do we focus on expanding domestically, but also on expanding into the global market.Nissan is strongly committed towards environmental conservation by recycling resin components, such as automobile bumpers, and associating its business operation with vendors that also recycle resin. In recent years, Nissan has expanded towards third-country trading with the aim of building a framework that will offer the best materials and prices globally in order to streamline the buying and selling of materials through global SCM, along with the manufacturing of products. 4.Energy and Materials Business. Since the company was established in 1979, it has been involved with the buying and selling of various fuels and lubricants for vessels. In addition to the components that Nissan Trading currently supplies for vessels to various regions of the world, our company has expanded to supplying fuel and lubricants to the key industries that began with Nissan Motor, offering retail services such as gas cards, as well as importing and exportin g various materials for automobiles.The company has also taken steps towards environmental conservation during automobile production by handling biomass fuel. The energy and materials business supports distribution and manufacturing industries through the supply of fuel to factories in Japan and to cargo ships and tankers at major ports worldwide. Also manages a gasoline card system that allows the purchase fuel and have the cost deducted from their monthly salary. Materials such as coke and raw iron are sold to Nissan Motors, foundries and manufacturers of precious metals, etc.In order to collectively increase the corporate awareness of environmental conservation and promote the importance of recycling, they reuse scrap generated from the manufacturing of automobiles and reuse precious metals that are extracted from production waste resulting from the manufacture of stainless steel. 5. Steel Business. Established in 1981 with the aim of providing steel and steel products necessary for automotive production by Nissan Motor, steel business started by delivering steel sheets to Nissan Motor's Kyushu Plant and Nissan's? omponent suppliers. Currently, their main steel operation is to supply steel sheets to all of Nissan's? domestic plants. At Kyushu area, they operate advanced SCM to support our customers through our logistics company. Their overseas business started in 1988 by exporting steel from Japan to Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK). Nowadays, these operations cover many countries where Nissan has plants and these plants are served through imports, exports and third-country trading.Through offering a wide variety of materials besides steel sheets, such as special steel alloy for engine components, steel bars, steel pipes, and aluminum sheet essential for light-weight cars, a vast amount of expertise in materials procurements has been accumulated. Nissan is also taking an important role to provide experimental steel materials for new development of cars. Niss an Trading's steel businesses will continue to grow and progress to meet rising demand from Nissan Motor's global expansion. 6. Vehicles Group.The vehicle group is expanding the sales of Nissan vehicles in South and Central America, Asia, Africa, and the rest of the world. The group also imports vehicles and accessories and oversees the shipment of non-Japanese-made vehicles to other countries. The Vehicles Group began its operation in 1978 with the purpose of supporting Nissan Motor’s export businesses. Based on unique experience and expertise, Nissan is now providing solution to the vehicles demand of the United Nations and taking care at the same time of marketing and sales to certain individual countries in Asia, Oceania and Africa.For all these customers, their service is not limited to just selling cars, but providing marketing, logistic and financial solution as well. This function is unique but established as an integral part of Nissan Motor’s overseas operatio n. 7. Non-Ferrous Metals Business. This business handles both Light and Precious Metals. With Light Metal operation, it strives to offer a steady supply of materials to customers, such as aluminum bullion for raw materials, aluminum alloy bullion, aluminum base metal, including aluminum scrap to Nissan Motor, aluminum component manufacturers and aluminum alloy manufacturers within its global network.In an increasingly demanding market, Nissan offers more fuel-efficient automobiles with the help of miniaturization and improved reusability of aluminum. The Precious Metals operation also imports precious metals at an optimal price domestically and internationally, and then offers a steady supply of these materials, such as platinum, palladium and rhodium, in response to the growing demand for automobile catalysts brought upon legislation that continues to tighten vehicle emissions. Aluminum alloys are increasingly gaining importance in vehicle manufacturing.This business supplies these products in the form of panels, rods and ingots, and also handles a variety of precious metal. The automotive industry is making greater efforts to use and recycle these metals and other raw materials, reflecting the community’s concern for the world’s limited resources. As the trend of ? â€Å"Producing Eco-Friendly Vehicles† Vehicles? h continues to gain momentum worldwide, the role of our Precious Metals operation will continue to grow in importance. Design and product development processNissan uses an automatic cutting machine. With the better accuracy afforded by evolving CAD systems, data reproduction once done entirely by hand was automated using this machine. A machine for automated measurement of vehicles is also used. In this way, the conventional clay model-based designing formerly used by Nissan has now shifted to digital data-centered design development. Usually, design development is done three to four years prior to the launch, so it is difficult as designers need to forecast the future social trends and customer needs.Recently, the study and design of Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) based on ergonomics (the study of how a workplace or equipment can best be designed for comfort, safety, efficiency and productivity) is a well-established practice for this company. Nissan has been actively researching human-vehicle interfaces since the 1990s. Watanabe, for example, handled instrument panel design for the Infiniti J30 (Leopard J-Ferry), Laurel and Cefiro, and proposed applying â€Å"universal design† in concept cars in the late '90s.Over the past decade, the concept of â€Å"universal design† has come into general parlance for products that are easy for anyone to use, regardless of physical limitations. Nissan took the universal-design concept a step further in 2005, embracing the concept of â€Å"Interaction Design† so that customers will feel that every part of a car works smoothly and attractively. And w hile creating HMIs is usually Research and Development territory, at Nissan it's a priority of the Design Department as well. The involvement of both the Design and R;D Divisions in developing universal design is unique to Nissan. Interaction Design,† can be divided into three areas: – Interfaces: Instruments and graphical user interfaces, like navigation systems, door handles, switches, lighting, etc. – Interior colors and materials – Perceived quality: Individual part textures, joints between parts, etc. The R&D and Design departments pay close attention to these factors in the design of every Nissan vehicle. In 2005, Nissan started a project to create revolutionary car interiors that are easier to use, l leading to the BUI (Best Usability Interior) concept car.Furthermore, in the development stage, Nissan designs their products to avoid using environmentally harmful substances in their construction and make them easier to recycle. Additionally, to reduc e the use of nonrenewable resources, they give consideration to the use of recycled plastics, other recycled materials, and renewable bio-materials. However, Nissan is also examining the possibility of recycling plastic parts from end-of-life products and using this material for new products, searching for ways to overcome the technical challenge of maintaining quality.At the present moment digital data is now mainly used in design development and the role of the clay model is to verify the data. However, no matter how advanced the digital technology, such as virtual reality, may be in the future, cars will continue to be used in the real world. It will not change. Digital data is reproduced three-dimensionally and designers and modelers form attractive shapes and designs with their senses of eyes and hands. Human sensibility continues to be essential to producing emotional designs. Competitive PrioritiesIn operations management one of the most important aspects when evaluating a bu siness strategy or the productivity of a business process are the competitive priorities of the company. In 1984 Hayes and Wheelwright suggested that companies compete in the marketplace by virtue of cost, quality, flexibility, and lead-time (Institute for manufacturing. University of Cambridge). Cost: Some of the aspects that are involved in this classification are:  · Manufacturing cost.  · Value added.  · Selling price. Running cost – cost of keeping the product running.  · Service cost – cost of servicing the product.  · Profit. Nissan approach cost control in Japan utilizing target costing principles that shares some of the elements of just such a strategic approach, but its transplant operations create distinctive problems for cost control. To explain briefly this point we can quote Nissan Motor Company U. K, which was case in study by Chris Carr and Julia Ng about â€Å"Total cost control: Nissan and its U. K supplier partnerships†.This case, in order to analyze the major capital budgeting decisions, the Director of the U. K Finance clarified that Nissan likewise emphasized â€Å"strategic rather than economic factors†, and that this had also been the case in the parent company’s original decision to invest in the U. K. The following chart show how Nissan Motor Manufacturing U. K controlling their costs from the raw material is gotten. Mission and Strategy The mission of Nissan Motor Company to enrich lives with measurable value begins with a Customer Promise that guides employee actions and decisions.Nissan provides unique and innovative automotive products and services that deliver superior measurable values to all stakeholders* in alliance with Renault. Nissan Power 88 identifies six strategies as levers we will use to achieve results according to plan. Pillar 1: Brand power To strengthen Nissan's brand power, we will expand our strengths in engineering and production to the sales, marketing and ownership experience. We will also raise the level of interaction with our customers to create a orld-class standard of service that will help us build lasting relationships with every Nissan and Infiniti vehicle customer. We recognize that having a stronger brand will help close gaps with our top competitors in every measurable area, from revenue generation to overall opinion and purchase intention. Pillar 2: Sales power Sales power in the mid-term plan refers to fully grasping the needs of customers in each market and drastically raising sales volume and market share. Nissan currently has 6,000 major points of sales globally. We will expand our retail network to 7,500 outlets in the mid-term plan period.Nissan is now the leading Japanese brand in China, Russia and Mexico and is on track to become the largest volume Asian brand in Europe by fiscal 2016. We are focusing our efforts to boost sales power in Japan and the United States, as well as in the ASEAN region. Pillar 3: Enhancing quality Nissan aims to make steady progress in improving product quality. During Nissan Power 88, our aim is to raise Nissan into the top group of global automakers in product quality and to elevate Infiniti to leadership status among peer luxury products by fiscal 2016. Pillar 4: Zero-emission leadershipNo other global automaker is as engaged in comprehensive activities to advance the entire system needed to make sustainable mobility a reality. Nissan is taking a leadership role in every aspect, from the development of batteries, chargers and a vehicle lineup to electric grid studies, battery recycling and the use of batteries for energy storage. In 2011, Nissan will take the lead as the all-time volume leader in dedicated electric vehicle sales. The Renault-Nissan Alliance is bringing seven more all-electric models to follow the successful launch of the Nissan LEAF. TheAlliance intends to put 1. 5 million electric vehicles on roads worldwide by 2016. Nissan's emphasis on sustainable mobi lity also encompasses the range of low-carbon and lowemission technologies that support PURE DRIVE. For example, our proprietary hybrid technology will be tailored to future Nissan and Infiniti models, and our next-generation Xtronic Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) will increase fuel efficiency in future Nissan vehicles and maintain our status as the global leader in CVT technology. Pillar 5: Business expansion In 1999, Nissan's global market share was 4. %. In 2010, Nissan achieved a record 5. 8%. For fiscal 2016, we are targeting a global share of 8%, supported by a steady tempo of a new product launch on average every six weeks, a continued focus on growth markets, and the expansion of our Infiniti and light commercial vehicle businesses. We will concentrate on increasing our presence in Brazil, India and Russia, as well as in the next wave of emerging markets, including the ASEAN 5-Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. Nissan is the top Japanese ca r maker in China with a 6. % market share, and China will continue to be Nissan's largest single global market into the plan. In 2012, we will have nearly doubled our production capacity, to 1. 2 million units, and we will further increase our capacity to be in line with our goal of 10% market share. With our partner Dong Feng, we will continue to invest in more products and dealers and together build our new local brand, Venucia. In North America, we will invest to expand our manufacturing capacity and retain our number-one position in Mexico, where Nissan leads the market with a 23. 1% share.In Brazil, where we have 1. 2% market share, we target a minimum of 5% market share. We will build a new plant in Brazil, with a capacity of 200,000 units as a first step. In Europe, Nissan will become the largest volume Asian brand. In Russia, we aim to increase Nissan's market share to 7% by 2016. In India, we will add five new models to be built in the new Alliance plant in Chennai, and we will continue to expand our dealer network. In ASEAN, Nissan Motor Thailand now serves as a strategic industrial base and export hub, and we are concentrating on growth in Indonesia.We are increasing the annual production capacity of our plant near Jakarta from 50,000 to 100,000 units to meet local demand. We aim to increase our share in the ASEAN 5 from 5% today to 15% by 2016. Pillar 6: Cost leadership Since we implemented the Nissan Revival Plan, we have been successful in reducing costs by 5% annually, due mainly to cross-functional monozukuri activities involving our supplier base. As our production footprint is increasingly global, we will maintain this pace by enhancing and deepening these activities in every Nissan production base across the regions, particularly in North America, China, India and Russia.By increasing the use of carry-over/carry-across parts and systems, we will further boost overall platform efficiency. Platform and product synergies will be developed with all our partners, especially in small and medium vehicle segments. And with the additional growth in volume, we expect to realize greater cost efficiency. Evaluating not only purchased parts but also logistics and in-house costs, we have set an objective to reduce the total cost by 5% each year. In Japan, we will raise our yen revenue through increased vehicle sales and reduce our yen-based costs through greater localization of parts supply to overseas plants.Enhancing our monozukuri activities in Japan and across the regions is key to our cost-reduction efforts. Through these activities, we will maintain our commitment to produce 1 million vehicles per year in Japan. Leveraging Partner Strengths Nissan's performance will be enhanced by leveraging 12 years of successful collaboration within the Renault-Nissan Alliance and its five established and productive partnerships. Through the Alliance's strategic cooperation with Daimler, Nissan will benefit from diesel engine and power train technologies, including a supply of Mercedes-Benz engines for Infiniti vehicles.With AvtoVAZ in Russia, the Alliance will take a 40% share in the Russian market, with investments in products and localized manufacturing and sourcing. Our partnership with Dong Feng is critical to our reaching 10% market share in China. With Ashok-Leyland in India, Nissan has a partner in the development and manufacture of light commercial vehicles. And with Mitsubishi, we expanded the scope of our cooperation to develop a new mini car joint venture. The Right Plan for Nissan's FutureIn the global automotive industry, Nissan leads in zero-emission mobility, we lead in many emerging markets and we lead in the number of stable, productive partnerships we have established to improve our competitive position. Going forward, our aim is to enhance our brand power, sales power and the quality of our products and services and to continue to lead the way in advancing sustainable mobility and mobility for all. This is what Nissan Power 88 is about, and we are eager to get started and to deliver the full potential of this company. Global operation StrategyNissan Motors global strategy involves its aim to become an industry leader in zero-emission vehicles and to cultivate developing markets with low-cost global cars. As part of zero-emission environmental friendly vehicles, it would be beginning with the launching of the new electric vehicles (EVs) which would be powered by advanced lithium-ion batteries to be jointly developed with electronic maker NEC Corp. The EV to be introduced will have a unique body style on an all-new vehicle platform which would be compact for the city, yet big enough to carry five adults.Importantly, it will be thoroughly usable with brisk performance and a range of 160 kms. It will have the performance of a typical 1. 6-litre petrol-engine car while recharging from a high voltage source will restore 80 per cent of the battery capacity in around 30 minutes. The c ompany with its alliance partner Renault, which holds 44% stake in it, has been developing partnerships with various governments and specialist companies to build a sustainable mobility network and create public awareness towards EVs as its preparing for marketing them on a mass scale.Various understanding has been signed with electricity companies, charging station suppliers and governments to promote the concept of zero emission mobility and provide infrastructure support, craft legislation or offer incentives such as tax relief, parking or toll rebates for EV buyers (Source: The Japan Times online, May 14, 2008). Cultivating developing markets with low-cost global cars, Nissan is globally launching its new small car on a fresh global platform.The common global platform strategy is part of Nissan's endeavour to produce a host of cars, be it hatchbacks or sedans, across five countries in which thus far India, China and Thailand have been identified as key manufacturing locations. T he new small car, touted as a replacement for the Micra, will first go into production in Thailand with shipping out key components from India and then later on the production would be from India. Planning and Management Project We set out to first help Nissan define meaningful and measurable objectives for the project.The rollout’s objectives were to: 1 Deliver a consistent Nissan brand image at all dealerships 2 implement a cost effective program that supports improvement in the business operations of Nissan and the dealer 3 continually improve the program of work being delivered 4 proactively manage each project to ensure completed schemes complied with defined standards Build a high performing team The project entailed working with and managing 600 individual teams – thousands of stakeholders including dealers, local architects, general contractors, subcontractors and materials suppliers.A central Core Team and a Programme Management Office inside Nissan headquarte rs supported Regional Project Managers in the field. We then implemented communication systems to capture learning and build a team of informed, committed stakeholders. Actively manage communications Although communication management was complex due to the geographic diversity and numerous stakeholders, actively collecting and disseminating consistent data ensured that stakeholders had the detail they needed to make quick and informed decisions, whenever the situation required.We opened a digital listening center in Chennai to listen for all the Internet chatter about Nissan or Infiniti, sorting it into categories, and allowing us to react to the real and instantaneous voice of the customer. If someone tweets something about Nissan, we’re listening, and hopefully we’ll react to that. The quicker the reaction, the more you can reinforce that the Brand is very trustful. Balance flexibility and control Due to the varying locations, codes and construction practices, Nissan ’s rebrand had to be flexible but consistent.A customised programme infrastructure incorporated the initiative into Nissan’s other business processes, significantly improving scope control – ultimately we reduced the number of change requests and variances by nearly 20 percent. Use information and innovation to reduce costs To keep the utmost control of costs we developed tools and strategies to tailor our knowledge to this specific programme. For example, an NREDI facility cost calculator was developed to provide a way for people without a cost estimating background to produce quick and reliable NREDI cost stimates, while a bespoke system was developed to capture projected and actual costs from the construction industry and individual projects. Active value engineering enabled us to reduce the cost of construction from the original prototype design by 20 percent without compromising the brand appearance, and we maintained a net construction cost at 2002 price l evels for over five years despite inflationary pressures of around 20 percent in that time. Workshops with team members also generated over 100 ideas to improve the value and quality of the programme.These insights contributed to an additional $40 million real cost savings over the life of the programme. In fiscal year 2012, the firm will introduce 15 new technologies. Examples of new technologies are as following. †¢ Multi-Sensing System which is built on the Around View Monitor image processing technology is now advanced to detect moving objects and notify the driver. †¢ Next generation XTRONIC CVT. Nissan is the recognized global leader in CVTs and this latest generation provides a fuel-economy benefit of up to 10% compared to the current model.We are introducing a large number of innovative technologies. Actively manage quality The NREDI design contained a number of complex components and new products. Through the development of benchmarking documents and active qualit y control checks we had very few issues with the facility branded products. Not to have had recalls or other serious product issues on a programme of this size and duration was an unusual accomplishment. We also developed a range of benchmarking guidance documents which rapidly educated contractors on quality standards and know-how for new products, to further mitigate quality problems.Keep a close eye on the entire supply chain A particular issue for this programme was the maintenance of a robust supply chain. We developed a three tier supply chain system, using separate contracting strategies and tools to deliver a flexible solution. The system was tested in 2009, when Nissan’s signage supplier (with a portfolio of around 200 active projects) filed for bankruptcy. Activating our contingency plan, the team worked with Nissan’s procurement and legal teams to respond to the emergency without major cost implications, delays or adverse effect on individual deals.Quality o f Products Product quality is what allows customers to drive their cars in comfort and with peace of mind over a long period. To enable real improvements in product quality, not only design phase and production phase, but also through robust partnership with suppliers, Nissan is improving its quality component by component. Nissan conducts follow-up inspections on vehicles that have been in the market for several years to gauge their durability. Reinforce both design and production to cut the number of defects occurring within three months of purchase.Upgrading design quality Cars have a vast number of parts. About 65 percent of them have zero defects in the past, and from remaining 35 percent have caused problems. Enhancing design quality before production begins is one crucial way to increase the percentage of products without problems to the maximum level. Increasing the precision of components in the design diagram raises the quality of those that go into mass production. Nissan uses a method called design review (DR) to develop higher-quality parts.During the DR process, design experts work together to review the potential risks for each parts, and devise ways to prevent problems proactively. Nissan has adopted a new DR method that allows quicker and more accurate design inspections. This has extensively expanded the DR area, and bolstered the development of more problem-free parts. Certified personnel conduct these quick DR sessions. The number of people with this certification has been gradually increasing worldwide, so we are better able to apply DR to numerous parts. Pushing production quality higherPrecision testing equipment is an integral part of the production process at every Nissan plant and production line. Digital technology, such as laser measurement, is used to verify precision assembly and paint condition, which are then evaluated through road testing. Our environmental test chambers can accurately reproduce subtle regional differences in t emperature extremes of and road conditions. This enables us to scrupulously safeguard against problems flowing out of the factory. To produce problem-free parts, we carry out inspections at the design diagram stage.So that we never overlook even the slightest vibration, every parts used in every model undergoes immediate testing. The Weatherproof vibrator can be calibrated to simulate various temperature and road surface conditions. By testing here, we can proactively prevent road noise and other problems different driving environments can create. Cutting the defect rate with these preferred suppliers Nissan's network of parts suppliers is expanding throughout the world. To ensure that we always receive quality parts from them, we apply rankings to each supplier and deal only with the ones that maintain a certain ranking.Nissan is working with these preferred suppliers to cut the defect rate. * How Nissan ensures quality assurance together with our suppliers. Using rapid response to cut the breakdown ratio A breakdown is a malfunction serious enough to persuade the driver to stop and call for road service assistance. In many cases the car cannot be driven at all. In other instances, the car may be drivable but doing so would be unwise, such as having a window that will not close properly when the weather is extremely cold. The breakdown ratio in Japan is low, and it is also declining worldwide.In Europe, however, where many people drive for long distances or keep cars for a long time, breakdowns are a serious problem. In 2008, Nissan set up Shift Quality Teams in Germany, France, the U. K. , Spain and Russia to monitor these breakdowns. Within twenty minutes of receiving a report of a breakdown, the Nissan team in the country is dispatched to the site to deal with the problem. The causes and remedies of breakdowns that occur in Europe are immediately incorporated into Nissan car designs worldwide, further reducing the breakdown ratio of Nissan vehicles.Quick r esponse has cut the countermeasure time for defect parts. When a Nissan customer's car has to undergo repairs or needs parts replaced, we probe the cause to prevent similar problems. In addition to using improved parts at the factory, we also have to supply the market with replacement parts. We established a system to radically reduce the time from preparing the defect parts to collecing them. Even when the defect rate is low or the causes are difficult to probe, this allows us to resolve problems at an early stage.Nissan's Field Quality Centers operate flat-out to deal with the following: * Defects that occur within three months after a car is purchased * Defect ratio of components obtained from suppliers * Breakdown ratio * The time between when a defect occurs in the field until replacement parts are developed. The above all have one thing in common: they are handled by our Field Quality Centers (FQCs). Three of these centers were established in 2007 in Japan, the U. S. and Europ e to respond more rapidly to problems occurring in the field, and FQCs are expanding more and more In other regions.Defect parts are collected from the market quickly and in quantities as large as possible. Nissan design and production staff work with representatives from our suppliers to probe the cause of the problems and come up with solutions. We plan to expand this type of joint analysis into defect parts. * Field Quality Centers-the mecca of quality improvement At a Field Quality Center, Nissan design and production staff and supplier representatives investigate the cause together and work out countermeasures. Just in Time (JIT)There are 3 principles of JIT systems that involve a manufacturing process, which are waste minimization and elimination, total quality control and involvement of people. Under this concept, Nissan decided implement a new system to fabric the products (in this case vehicles) in a plant in Smyrna, TN. This system was designed to synchronize output, estab lish a standardized work pace and monitor equipment conditions while continuously storing production data because Nissan had as main objective synchronizing flow, JIT manufacturing and optimizing production.With a just-in-time approach, specific vehicles and their components are produced just-in-time to meet the demand for them. Sub-assemblies move into the final assembly plant just as final assemblers are ready to work on them, components arrive just in time to be installed, and so on. In this way, the amount of cash tied up in stocks and in work-in-progress is kept to a minimum, as is the amount of space devoted to costly warehousing rather than to revenue-generating production. Nissan's just-in-time process depends not on human frailty but on machine precision. Every vehicle is monitored automatically throughout each stage of production.A transponder attached to the chassis leg contains all of a vehicle's production data e. g. its required colour, specification and trim. This tri ggers sensors at various points along the production line thus updating the records. When, for example, the transponder sends a message to the production system at a supplying company to produce a seat in a particular colour and trim, this triggers the relevant response and a seat to the required specification is produced. Further along the production line the specifically produced seat arrives to meet the vehicle to which it belongs – just in time.Supply Chain Design and Control Supply Chain is highly dynamic department that deals with complex supply chains and responds to volatile demand patterns. The role of SCM is key for Nissan in securing supply to support demand, and ensuring we can deliver on our aim of having the â€Å"RIGHT car, at the RIGHT time, in the RIGHT place† for every customer†¦ and of course, â€Å"at the RIGHT cost†. SCM sits in between Manufacturing and Sales, and plays a pivotal role in balancing the often-conflicting drivers of Suppl y and Demand. Life in SCM is never dull.The roles include leading the supply planning for specific production sources, managing our inventory control processes, developing mid-term strategic progression of the supply chain, planning and implementing system and process developments, or dealing with the complexities of an increasingly complex parts supply chain. Nissan realized the benefits of an integrated supply chain and wanted a system to: * Reduce excess stock in the pipeline * Improve customer service by: * Reducing the lead time between placing an order for a vehicle to its delivery * Tracking an order from placement to delivery Provide direct access to manufacturing systems for dealers and distributors, enabling the provision of more accurate information Inventory control Nissan as a company that import and export products and services around the world needs to be prepared to the demand that they drive. The inventory control is a vital tool to supply the whole chain of market because it meet demand, keep operations running, lead time (such as Nissan in Smyrna, Tennessee, that maintain low levels of inventory), hedge, quantity discount, and smoothing requirements. In Nissan there are no raw materials or works in progress stored as inventory.The only inventory that is kept is finished goods. One example of this can be the inventory for cars because they take a list of all the new and used cars that are in the system is printed out while a list from the Nissan Corporation is printed out as well. Both print outs are compared and at the end, any adjustments are made in order to match the statement from the corporation means, Nissan bases its production on demand showing the company’s annual reports, and uses storages to facilitate the access to the inventory in each one of the plants of the corporation. Forecast We expect our global sales to reach 5,350,000 units, an increase of 10. %, which is another record level for Nissan. With a TIV assumption of 79,700,000 units, a 5. 3 % increase year-on-year, our global market share is expected to grow from 6. 4% to 6. 7%. During fiscal 2012, we will completely renew three of our large volume global models. The first was the new Altima which had been revealed at the New York International Auto Show in April 2012. In total, we will launch ten all-new vehicles in fiscal 2012 including the Pathfinder, Sylphy/Sentra, NV350 and a long wheelbase version of the Infiniti M sedan. In Japan, Nissan plans to sell 690,000 units in fiscal 2012, which will be increase of 5. % from fiscal 2011. Fifth generation Cima was launched in April. In China, Nissan will get 1,350,000 units sales, 8. 3% sales volume growth in fiscal 2012. In addition to all-new Sylphy and our new Chinese local brand model, Venucia D50 were launched. Another Venucia model will be launched. In North America, Nissan assume 1,520,000 units sales, 8. 3% growth of sales volume from prior year. In Europe, Nissan will plan 1. 0% sales vol ume growth with 720,000 units sales. Nissan plan to grow up significantly in other regions. 29. 6% growth, 1,070,000 units sales is planned in other regions.

Smoking Should Be Illegal - 742 Words

Xavier Jewell Mrs. King ELA 6th Hour 07 April 2017 Smoking should be Illegal Secondhand smoke is just as bad as smoking the cigarette yourself.Therefore smoking should be illegal because it causes cancer and it s highly addictive. People can die from lung cancer First,SMOKING CAN KILL† states â€Å"lung cancer is the No. 1 cancer killer in the United States for both men and women. It kills more people than breast, prostate, colon, liver, kidney and melanoma cancers combined. Lung cancer is caused by smoking. Next,â€Å"WARNING SMOKING CAN KILL YOU† claims â€Å"tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Around 400,000 people die each year from smoking, which cuts lives short on average about 13 years. And that does not†¦show more content†¦This feeling is what makes you light up the next cigarette. Since your body is able to build up a high tolerance to nicotine, you’ll need to smoke more and more cigarettes in order to get the nicotine’s pleasurable effects and prevent withdrawal symptoms. Some say smoking should stay legal. Christopher Wanjek writes that Smoking — and, in particular, the nicotine in tobacco smoke — is an appetite suppressant. This has been known for centuries, dating back to indigenous cultures in America in the pre-Columbus era. Tobacco companies caught on by the 1920s and began targeting women with the lure that smoking would make them thinner. writes Numerous studies have identified the uncanny inverse relationship between smoking and Parkinson s disease. Long-term smokers are somehow protected against Parkinson s, and it s not because smokers die of other things earlier. While smokers might go broke buying a pack of cigarettes, they can at least save money by avoiding knee-replacement surgery. Surprising results from a new study have revealed that men who smoke had less risk of undergoing total joint replacement surgery than those who never smoked. If smoking doesn t become illegal then people will continue to get lung cancer, get other health problems,and will continue to die.If it did become illegal then people would live healthier lives,have a longer life,and it would limit the amount kids smoke. Works Cited Aspa. NicotineShow MoreRelatedSecondhand Smoking Should Be Illegal1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn our generation smoking still exists even though there are some people who quit smoking and there are some still smoke in ages, however the only problem in our society, people who smoke around youngsters called as well as secondhand smoking is a detective around children and adults. It is important that secondhand smoke shouldn’t be smoking around their own children or underage due to health. Secondhand smoking, tobacco smoke is exhaled by a second smoker or is given off by burning tobacco andRead MoreShould Smoking Cigarette Be Illegal?685 Words   |  3 PagesShould Cigarette Smoking be Made Illegal? Name Institution Date A cigarette is a small cylinder like filled with cut tobacco leaves and rolled in a paper and ignited for smoking. In most countries, tobacco smoking is legal due to the businesses motives and also the people who are addicted. They cannot do without it. It has immense consequences, and it should, therefore, be illegal from the effects to the smokers, passive smokers and all the human beings due to the pollution of the environmentRead MoreEssay about Should Smoking Be Illegal?825 Words   |  4 Pagesof the largest and most problematic health issues in our society is smoking. Smoking is currently the leading cause of death in our country, due to its harmful and addicting contents, such as nicotine and tobacco. Although millions die from it each year, smoking is the single most preventable cause of death as well. Without smoking, a tremendous amount of money and lives will be saved. I think that our country should ban smoking and the production of cigarettes in order to maintain a healthierRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Baby887 Words   |  4 Pageswhile pregnant is completely unacceptable. The list of negative effects that smoking while pregnant have on the baby range from premature labor to brain defects. Clinical studies have proven the negative short and long term effects that smoking while pregnant can have on a baby. Smoking while pregnant should be illegal, due to the amount of negative effects it has on the baby. One of the most common effects of smoking while pregnant is premature labor. A premature birth is any birth before 37 weeksRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking On The Baby893 Words   |  4 Pageswhile pregnant is completely unacceptable. The list of negative effects that smoking while pregnant have on the baby range from premature labor to brain defects. Clinical studies have proven the negative short and long term effects that smoking while pregnant can have on a baby. Smoking while pregnant should be illegal, due to the amount of negative effects it has on the baby. One of the most common effects of smoking while pregnant is premature labor. A premature birth is any birth before 37 weeksRead MoreCigarettes should be made illegal1565 Words   |  7 Pagessale of cigarettes should be made illegal Nowadays in the present world smoking cigarettes has become a trend for every age of people and they take it as a fashion. A statistics shows that nearly $8.37 billion are used by the cigarette industries on advertising and promotions annually. And almost $23 million are used every day for the same purpose. The production and sale of cigarettes not only has negative impact on human health, it can even cause death. Because of smoking more than 5 millionRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1400 Words   |  6 PagesShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.? Tobacco has been around in the world for over 2.5 million years. It was not until a few hundred years ago when the tobacco industry decided to put these crops into use and conjure up tobacco products for the community. A popular tobacco product in society is cigarettes, as they are cheap and simple to use. As long as one is over eighteen, acquiring cigarettes is a straightforward process for a reasonable price, albeit the sin tax. It was not until recentlyRead MoreShould Smoking Be Legal?1706 Words   |  7 PagesSmoking tobacco has been in existence for thousands of years. For most of its existence smoking has been acceptable, tolerable, and permitted in our mainstream society. In recent years, smoking tobacco has been under scrutiny. Smoking bans have been introduced to restrict smokers from smoking in public and private places. For example, restaurants, bars, hotels, parks, and beaches throughout the United States have established the bans against public smoking. I discovered th is has significance as itRead More America Needs a Complete Smoking Ban Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pageschildren are exposed to secondhand smoke, many develop life threatening diseases later in life as a result of that exposure. In the United States, smoking should be banned while in the presence of children. Children’s lungs are vulnerable to the effects of secondhand smoke, and this can cause serious problems down the road. Some states have already banned smoking in public and others are in the process. Secondhand smoke exposure has the possibility of causing nicotine dependence in adolescent (nicotineRead MoreShould Cigarettes Be Banned in the U.S.?1444 Words   |  6 Pagesnicotine and other hazardous chemicals to the body, cigarettes also cause a whole host of health implications to the user and the people around him or her. Aside from these health implications, cigarettes should not be banned in the U.S. because of the exaggeration of the results of secondhand smoking , the similarity of the Prohibition era, the devastation of the U.S. economy, and the freedom of one’s own actions. The two main reasons why people want cigarettes to be banned is because of the health

The Fair Sentencing Act For Mandatory Minimum Sentences

#1 Three salient points from the films/lectures were assessments of change from the five stages of change model (Norcross, j. c., n.d.), the Fair Sentencing Act for mandatory minimum sentences (American Civil Liberties Union, 2010), and eliminating government involvement in regulation of drugs and alcohol substance, while allowing the various states to manage control (ABC News.com, 2007). The first salient point was based on Norcross (n.d.) explaining that finding out and recognizing where the consumer thinks he/she is within the process of change. Asking questions of intention, where do they see themselves, and drawing a working model to show them their actuate stage of change (Norcross, j. c., n.d.). The second salient point was based on the Fair Sentencing Act for mandatory minimum sentences. Over two decades ago people were given longer jail/prison sentences because the belief was that crack cocaine was more harmful to people and community than powder cocaine. These â€Å"disparity fell disproportionately† on minorities, especially black people. Furthermore, with the aid of â€Å"both Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama urging reform,† finally a new law that reduces mandatory minimums is active (American Civil Liberties Union, 2010, para 4). The third salient point is based on eliminating government involvement in substance issues at the state level. Ron Paul expressed that he would â€Å"Allow states to deal with such problems.† If states were to manage control over drugs andShow MoreRelatedThe Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws1613 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent mandatory minimum sentencing laws are in dire need of reform. A mandatory minimum sentence is a court decision where judicial discretion is limited by law. As a result, there are irrevocable prison terms of a specific length for people convicted of particular federal and state crimes. As of January 2014, more than 50 percent of inmates in federal prisons are serving time for drug offenses, and more than 60 percent of people incarcerated are racial and ethnic minorities. The use of safetyRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentences For Nonviolent Drug Related Offences1031 Words   |  5 PagesMandatory minimum sentences are the backbone of a racially unjust, overpopulated, and overpriced criminal justice system. The Smarter Sentencing Act is a bill that aims to r educe the mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug related offences. â€Å"The United States has five percent of the world’s population, and twenty five percent of the world’s prisoners. Our prison population has grown eight hundred percent in the last thirty years, mostly because of changes in state and federal sentencingRead MoreMandatory Minimums712 Words   |  3 Pages Summary: This bill would remove mandatory minimums enacted under the Controlled Substances Act and the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act invoked by convictions of importing, exporting, manufacturing, distributing, or possessing â€Å"with an intent to distribute† a legally-controlled substance. It repeals several mandatory minimums associated with possession, selling controlled substances in a school zone, employing youth under age 18 to distribute drugs, and the adult sale of controlled substancesRead MoreThe Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe establishment of mandatory minimum sentencing laws has been a policy blunder since their proliferation in the 1980s. Mandatory minimum laws are negatively affecting the U.S, economically and socially. These laws effectively strip judges of their ability to adjudicate a fair punishment by setting a minimum sentence and handing their discretion over to prosecutors. A number of individuals and their f amilies have been negatively affected by mandatory minimum penalties, however, there are othersRead MoreClassical Perspective And Mandatory Sentencing Act837 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Perspective and Mandatory Sentencing Act The classical perspective founded by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham; stated that at people choose to commit crime after they considered the pros and cons that could be associated with a crime, and believed that the pros outweighed the cons (Tonry,2014). The theory relied on deterring criminal acts by assuring that the consequences of crime are absolute, harsh, and quickly administered (Tonry,2014). Mandatory Sentencing Act Today, more than 2 millionRead MoreThe Mandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws1528 Words   |  7 Pagescould vary. To have unvaried penalties, mandatory minimum sentencing laws were enacted. These laws help keep citizens protected, while criminals are incarcerated. John Oliver, the host of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, talks about how mandatory minimum sentencing increases the number of criminals incarcerated, and he believes the length of their prison time is longer than it should be. He shows videos of criminals who were convicted under the mandatory minimum law with drug crimes. These videos explainRead MoreWelfare Against Mandatory Minimum Law1143 Words   |  5 Pages Families Against Mandatory Minimum also known as FAMM advocate for smart sentencing such as individualized and fair criminal sentencing that protect the public. FAMM is nonprofit supported by attorneys, judges, criminal justice experts and concerned citizens. Their objectives include: uncrowding jails, which use citizens tax money, shift resources from uncrowded jails due to excessive incarceration to other departments such as law enforcement and additional programs whose aims include reducing crimeRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentences And Sentencing Guidelines899 Words   |  4 Pagesfines, jail time and the overall outcome of a case. This paper will discuss mandatory minimum sentences and sentencing guidelines. Sentencing guidelines are just that, guidelines to follow we a sentencing of an individual is taking place. â€Å"At the national level this effort led to the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, which established a set of guidelines to structure the sentencing process: The guidelines contain a Sentencing Table with 43 offense levels on the vertical axis and six categories of criminalRead MoreThe Effects Of Mandatory Sentencing On The United States Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesuse of imprisonment for social control. These policy changes were enacted in order to achieve greater consistency, certainty, and severity and include sentencing laws such as determinate sentencing, truth-in-sentencing, mandatory minimum sentencing, and three strikes laws (National Research Council 2014). Furthermore, I argue that mandatory sentencing has had the most significant effect on the incarceration rate. The political turmoil and changing social climate of the 1960s contributed to the policiesRead MoreRape And Burglary As A Post Incarceration Supervision1730 Words   |  7 Pagesof imposing a life sentence without parole (Sutton, 2013). Mandatory minimums take away the discretion of the judge in sentencing. These officials are bound by statute to place offenders behind bars. Because these statutes are put into place, the judge is not allowed to hand down alternative punishments, nor do they give them the opportunity to prescribe treatment or a change to rehabilitate. Such laws also hold racial discriminatory factors (USSC, 2011). Determinate sentences are those in which

The United States and Latin America Essay - 2618 Words

American attitudes towards Latin America can be summed up as an extension of larger global directives, and the exclusion of foreign powers in the region. This was highlighted especially during the Cold War as US involvement was essentially in competition with the USSR. Latin America was therefore a mere pawn in the larger context of US-Soviet competition for global dominance. The actions and methods used are also characterized by the lack of an international authority, or an atmosphere of inter-state anarchy, which shaped their calculations in the endeavor to increase their influence over Latin America. When one analyzes the situation, it seems only rational that the United States treated its southern neighbors so, due to the geographical†¦show more content†¦While the Cold War does not mark a significant distinction from US involvement in Latin America pre-Cold War, the inclusion of ideology in US foreign policy decisions did mark a change in attitudes and focus. While US p olicy can be described as rational to a certain point, the Cuban dilemma caused an irrational fear in US foreign policy makers to avoid a second-Cuba. The fear of a â€Å"second Cuba† can be seen in the various interventions by the US in Latin America during this period. The motivation behind US endeavors during the Cold War was to interfere with Latin American countries politically to counter the spread of communist ideologies that were seen by the US as being directly opposed to its economic and philosophical interests. The US’ economic interests were spread and consolidated through corporations operating within Latin America such as Alcoa, United Fruit, and others. It is through these corporate interests, which were under threat of nationalizion in their respective countries by leftist governments taking hold, that the US justified much of its involvement toppling governments in the region. US foreign policy in Latin America is greatly influenced by its interactions with Cuba during the late fifties. With the efforts of Fidel and Raul Castro, and other Marxist revolutionaries such as Che Guevara and Camilo Cienfuegos, the corrupt and tyrannical caudilloShow MoreRelatedThe United States And Latin America1362 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking at the history between the United States and Latin America, you see many interactions between them, all that aided the relationship that they have today. Despite that the United States and Latin America are in the same part of the world, the beliefs in which they govern may differ. This difference has often been seen playing a major role in the disputes that have occurred in past. The United States and Latin America have faced many social, economical and governing barriers in formingRead MoreLatino And Hispanic : The United States And Latin America1267 Words   |  6 Pageson behalf of Latino and Latina youth in the U.S. justice system, focuses on the Latinos community residing in the United States and La tin America. Primarily, the research focuses on Latino/a youths in the criminal justice system. Furthermore, the research report discusses Latino communities are getting differential treatment than other racial and ethnic communities from the United States criminal justice system. The research report has many case studies and story of incidences of Latino/a youths facingRead More Nationalism and United States Policy in Latin America Essay6054 Words   |  25 Pagesand throughout Latin America, is the desire to regain control over economic and cultural resources tinged with antipathy towards the United States. The question arises, how does the United States react to nationalism, which manifests as anti-Americanism? This essay analyzes how and why the United States averted the repercussions of Mexican nationalism through diplomatic pressure and negotiation. The essay later compares the United States’ experience with Mexico to the United States’ general attitudeRead M oreWhat Does Mestizaje Play? Latin America And The United States? Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagestaken place, and what is its importance in Latin America and in the United States. To fully understand the term, one must first pay attention to three central ideas. To start off you must first simply define the word mestizaje, and understand how mestizaje plays a role in Latin American societies by blending and dividing cultures. By defining this principal one may then illustrate how these cultural differences translate to racial differences in the United States. Furthermore, I will be able to explicateRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On Global Mobility Of Latin America And The United States1316 Words   |  6 PagesA Guide to Global Mobility in Latin America and the United States Introduction For multinational organizations the global movement of employees is essential, but companies today are faced with a maze of legal issues to consider. The following article provides a regional overview of current trends, key government agencies, and visas for business travel, training and employment assignments for the United States and certain countries in Latin America, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, ColombiaRead MoreThe Policies Of The United States During The Period912 Words   |  4 PagesThe policies of the United States during the period 1898-1936 regarding latin america can be broadly covered in phases; the first phase: Big Stick Diplomacy 1898- 1909, the second phase known as Dollar Diplomacy from 1909- 1913, the third phase called missionary diplomacy from 1913- 1921 and finally the fourth phase known and the good neighbor policy 1933- 1936. These four policies had a great impact on not only the landscape of latin america but on the future of the United States in the region. StartingRead MoreEssay The Good Neighbor Policy1074 Words   |  5 Pagesnon-intervention between the United States and Latin America. This was the United States’ attempt to regain trust and economic relations with Latin America. The Good Neighbor Policy had good intentions of no longer intervening with Latin American policies and governments. During the 1930’s, the Great Depression effected the U.S. and Latin American nations. After the stock market crash the U.S. went through an economic depression which would in turn affect Latin America. President Franklin D. RooseveltRead MoreUS Foreign Policy During the 20th Century797 Words   |  4 PagesOver the course of the history of the United States, specific foreign policies have affected the methods in which the U.S. involves itself around the globe. Specifically, certain policies have affected U.S. involvement in Latin America. It is the intention of this essay to explain the United States foreign policy behind specific doctrines. In order to realize current objectives, this paper will proceed as follows: Part 1 will define the Monroe Doctrine, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5 will concurrentlyRead More Training Ground For Murderers Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesTraining Ground For Murderers Continued U.S. support for the School of the Americas, an institution that has trained dictators and political assassins, is completely unjustifiable. At seven o’ clock in the morning on December 11, 1981 an evil force entered the small El Salvadorian village of El Mezote (School of Assasins). With painted faces and army fatigues, the guerillas carried machine guns and automatic rifles into the peaceful village. As survivor Rufina Amaya recounts, â€Å"At ten o’clockRead More US-Latin America Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the United States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example

Production and Operations Management Essay Example For Students

Production and Operations Management Essay BUS 508: Business Enterprise11th August 20112Analyze Marathon?s product process and determine which phase is open to the greatest number of efficiency improvements. Explain your rationale. Marathon is among the top five crude oil refineries in the United States. It?s an integrated international energy company engaged in exploration and production of oil, sand mining, integrated gas, refining, marketing, and transportation operation. Marathon needs to upgrade a few of their refineries and pipelines in order to increase the production process of heavy crude oils, (marathon.com). For example, once the Detroit Heavy Oil Upgrade Project is completed, the refinery crude capacity will increase from 106,000 bpd to 115,000 bpd. The upgrades will allow the Detroit refinery to process an additional 80,000 barrels of heavy crude oil per day (detriothoup.com). The existing pipelines at the Detroit refinery do not have the capacity to transport additional volumes of crude oil to meet the refinery?s upgrade needs. Therefore a 1.5-mile pipeline will provide an alternative oil supply line to the refinery and provide extra security in the event of a supply disruption. Pipelines are the safest and the most efficient way to transport crude oil and other liquid petroleum products. They reduce traffic and pollution as well as provide economic benefits. Pipelines transport two-thirds of all the crude oil and refined products in the U.S. compared to three percent by tanker trucks. According to detriothoup.com, currently 100,000 barrels of crude per day are transport to the refinery. Transporting the same volume of oil by tanker truck would require between 400 to 500 shipments per refinery day which would be a logistical nightmare and is not cost efficient for any company. Marathon Oil Corporation is a global corporation that is among the world?s leading energy companies. The company?s strategies lie in ?applying innovative technologies to discover and develop valuable energy resources, providing high-quality products to the marketplace and delivering value to all of the 3Companys stakeholders? (Marathon, 2008). Marathon produced a video entitled The Time it Takes to Pro vide America?s Transportation Fuels. The video, set in six phases, explains the process of gasoline production from its inception as crude oil to its processed products as gasoline and other petroleum products. A subsection of Phase one explains the world?s demand for oil and its projected growth. According to the video, it has been estimated that ?world oil demand will grow from 84 million barrels a day in 2009 to approximately 99 million barrels per day in 2030? (Marathon Petroleum Company, 2011, Phase one, World/U.S. Demand); and that the increase would ?require daily crude oil production of fifteen million barrels more than the current production? (Marathon Petroleum Company, 2011, Phase one, World Production). If this projection is correct, the U.S. must develop ways to increase crude oil production since ?less than 40% of the crude oil used in the United States refineries was produced in the U.S.? (Marathon Petroleum Company, 2011, Phase one, Marathon Crude Oil Supply). Discus s the relationship between the retail price of gasoline and the world demand for crude oil. The United States is a big retail gasoline market. There are more than 150,000 retail stations across the country; most locally owned and operated. Every day, tens of millions of Americans stop at a retail gasoline station, regardless of the daily increased gas prices. Whether it is cold, hot, rainy or windy; a retail customer has to fuel his/her vehicle. Because gasolines, as well as crude oil, are commodities that are traded worldwide, the price is determined by supply and demand. ?If the wholesale price of gasoline goes up, retailers have to pay more when they buy their next load. They raise their price to cover the increased cost of the new load? (Marathon 4Petroleum Company, LLC, 2011). The gas prices fluctuate, depending on how high or low the demands for these commodities are. The cost of a gallon of gasoline is determined by production and operational management, federal and state tax es, refining and distribution cost, marketing, retail and profits. Gasoline prices fluctuate in local markets due to competitiveness, world events and disruption in the refinery process. The crude oil market and gasoline market are entangled. However, there are some instances when changes in their perspective markets are not comparable. The escalation of gasoline prices worldwide is under scrutiny because the cost of gasoline significantly impacts the budgets of consumers. The relationship between crude oil prices and gasoline cost at the pump appear broken. Retail prices for gasoline rise more quickly than crude oil and decrease much slower than crude oil. There have been instances when the price of crude oil held steady and at the same time the price of gasoline increase progressively. The increase in gasoline prices sometimes can be attributed to a slowdown in processing thus creating reductions of supply. World situations can disrupt the supply and demand which could affect the price of crude oil. Some crude oil price increases are temporary, while others reflect longer-lasting market changes. These future contracts are agreements that allow the investors to buy or sell oil in the future and for a specified price. ?Crude oil accounts for 55% of the price of gasoline, while distribution and taxes influence the remaining 45%. Usually, distribution and taxes are stable, so that the daily change in the price of gasoline accurately reflects oil price fluctuations. Occasionally, however, distribution lines are disrupted or are down for maintenance, which can sometimes make high gas prices even when oil prices are down? (Amadeo, 2011). The United States imports more than forty-two million gallons of gasoline everyday and U.S. demand increases at an average rate of 0.5 to 1% per year. At the same rate, 5worldwide demand increases as well. ?The only real way to lower gas prices is to lower demand for gas and oil over a long period of time since the U.S. consumes 25 % of the worlds oil. This has increased over the last twenty years, from 15 million barrels per day to 20.7 million barrels per day. A concerted effort might convince commodities traders, who have driven oil prices up 25% in the first quarter of 2008, that oil was a bad investment, thus allowing oil prices to return to pre-bubble levels? (Amadeo, 2011 ). Explain what marathon could do to keep the price at the pump the same without losing profits if the prices of crude decreased by 10%. .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a , .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .postImageUrl , .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a , .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:hover , .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:visited , .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:active { border:0!important; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:active , .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud41a00617ff5543c194b16401634942a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Starbucks Downsizing and Global Growth Strategy Essay It is possible for Marathon to maintain a steady price at the pumps and not lose profit. The key lies in Marathon?s development and use of integrated gas. According to the company?s corporate profile, ?Marathons integrated gas business adds value through the development of opportunities created by demand for natural gas. This business complements the Companys exploration and production operations and opens a wide array of investment opportunities designed to add sustainable value growth? (Marathon, 2008 ). There are many options that Marathon can take to keep prices at the pump the same without losing profits. By ordering material in bulk, the company could competitively price their products to their consumers. However, the company must be careful and balance the amount of material that they purchase; ordering excess material can tie up funds unnecessarily and cause the company to lose income in the future. On the other hand, when you have the needed material on hand you will keep th e loyalty of current customers, possibly gain new ones, and maintain brand recognition that they are known for. Also, Marathon might try reducing labor/man power time (work smarter 6notharder). Cooperate offices should keep detailed accounts of time and how it is being used to see where they will be able to reduce time. They may want to take a look at their cost and see where things can be adjusted or reduced. Look at the employees and their job description. It is possible that they could hire an independent contractor to accomplish this task at a lower price, without the expense of paying for the insurance or additional taxes. In June 2010, President Obama imposed a six month deep water drilling moratorium. Determine the impact of a continued moratorium on deep-water for retail gas prices in the U.S. President Barack Obama suspended deep water drilling in response to the recent disastrous oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. This moratorium allowed the administration of President Obama to properly investigate the spill and implement new safety requirements. Therefore, the United States oil companies would employ different strategies to remain competitive. United States oil companies will probably deploy their resources to foreign suppliers with whom they have joint venture arrangements for projects. Next, United States oil companies may establish oil industry mergers, alliances, and acquisitions in order to cut costs, especially amongst the smaller companies. Also, United States oil companies may invest in renewable resources and explore alternative fuels. Americans use between 20 and 21 million barrels of oil per day. That translates into 10,000 gallons per second. Currently, domestic production is about seven million barrels per day; roughly one-third of the consummation. About thi rteen to fourteen millions are imported every day (Hofmeister, 2010). If the six month deep-water drilling moratorium were to extend, it would place a larger demand for imported oil, thus 7allowing the retail gas prices to gradually increase. If the industry were permitted to drill both offshore and on federal lands however, this could significantly increase our domestic production. Deep-water drilling has been prohibited in over eighty-five percent of the United States outer continental shelf for the past thirty years by both presidential and congressional moratoria, and drilling on federal lands has been prohibited by federal regulation (Hofmeister, 2010). 8ReferencesDetroit Heavy Oil Upgrade Project. (2010). Retrieved August 9, 2011 from: http:/ www.detrioth oup.comMarathon Oil Corporation. (2010). Annual report. Retrieved August 9, 2011 from: http://www. marathonoil.com/Amadeo, K. (2011). Why gas prices are high. Retrieved August 9, 2011 from: http://useconomy. about.com/od/commoditiesmarketfaq/p/high_gas_prices.htmHofmeister, J. (2010). Why we hate the oil companies. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Marathon Petroleum Company. (2011). The Time It Takes to Provide America?s Transportation Fuels. Available from: http://www.marathonpetroleum.com/content/includes/mpc/info_re sources/the_time_it_takes/index.htm